Mozart Essays (2088 words) - Music, Classical Music, Mozart Family

Mozart Julien Rouleau ?The classical period produced more instrumental than vocal music, a wealth of serious and comic operas as well as vocal religious music also appeared during this time?(Ferris, 231). One of the best composer of this time was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In this paper I will go through his childhood, his friends and family, and of course his music. Enjoy!!! Child of the Enlightenment The world that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart entered ceremoniously in 1756 was brimming in change. Historians refer to this era as the Age of Enlightenment, one of unparalleled scientific, philosophical, and political ferment. Within Mozart's lifetime it set in motion forces that would fundamentally alter life not only in his native, Salzburg, but also around the globe. The Enlightenment was not, to be sure, a democratic movement. In France, the absolutism of the Sun King, Louis XIV, continued under Louis XV and XVI. But in Austria, Empress Maria Theresa introduced a greater measure of tolerance and freedom among her subjects, laying a foundation for the democratic revolutions that followed. Wolfgang's father Leopold came from a family of Augsburg bookbinders. He received a solid Jesuit education, more intellectual than evangelical after a year at the Benedictine University in nearby Salzburg; Leopold stopped attending classes to pursue a career as a musician. ?Leopold figured as Mozart's most important first model. He taught his son the clavier and composition?(Mercardo 763). Wolfgang's mother Anna-Maria brought as much talent to her 32-year marriage as did Leopold. Though deprived of a formal education, she was highly intelligent and quick-witted? qualities that attracted the sober and reserved Leopold. Only two of their seven children survived infancy. Wolfgang's musically talented sister Nannerl was five years older. Yet in this painting, the 12-year- old looks like a spinster of seventy?complete with budding double chin. Wolfgang, too, looks far older than his 7 years, and controls the action from his place at its center. The Child Prodigy Indeed, Mozart marks the beginning of the Western fascination with the child prodigy. Dressed in the festive outfit given Wolfgang in 1762 by the Empress Maria Theresa, this boy of not quite seven years old looks, for all the world, like a miniature adult who has simply skipped childhood. ?Mozart was keenly aware of his exceptional ability, which had been fostered and rutted in him by his father from a very early age?(Schroter). Other nineteenth-century artists represented Wolfgang?variously said to be anywhere from 11 to 14 as a curly-locked angel. For them, how else could the divine music that poured out of a child-size body be explained? The idealization of Mozart's genius was complete by the end of the nineteenth century. Mozart composes with his violin in one hand and music has appeared miraculously on his stand in the other. The message is unmistakable: ?Mortals use quills, Mozart simply wills?(Solomon) On the Road The temptation to take his two prodigies on the road proved irresistible to Leopold, who assumed sole responsibility for Mozart's education. Between 1762 and 1766, the Mozarts appeared at almost every major court in Europe. Wolfgang dazzled audiences with his ability to read difficult music at sight and to improvise. In London, as elsewhere, the Mozarts hobnobbed with the leading musicians. Probably the most important of these was Johann Christian Bach, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian. It is no accident that Mozart's early symphonies, composed in London, are often stylistically indistinguishable from those of J. C. Bach. When Mozart was 13, his prowess as a keyboard player, violinist, improviser, and composer were already legendary. ?When Mozart was 21 he wrote ?Paris? Symphony, N31 while he was in Paris looking for a music position. He was thoroughly disenchanted with the French and their music?(Internet). From 1768 to 1775, between stays in Salzburg, he and Leopold made three further forays to Italy and Germany. Wolfgang evolved from a prodigy into a serious composer. Public Successes A self-confident Mozart assured his father in 1782 that he would be able to support a wife and family in Vienna, As a result which he called ?Clavierland. Of its earlier devastation, the dominant architectural style in Vienna is Baroque, aided in the 1700s by an influx of Italian sculptors, stucco workers, and painters. The dominant architect and architectural historian was Italian-trained Johann

Teaching grammar and CLT

Teaching grammar and CLT As second and foreign language teachers, we have to look for opportunities to improve the teaching process and enhance its effectiveness. Deepening our knowledge of the current approaches, strategies and methodologies, the educators are enabled to create personal opinion concerning the most effective principles of the language acquisitions.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teaching grammar and CLT specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reading of Nassaji (2000) and Nunan (1998) researches shedding light upon the issues of the form-focused and communicative approaches to language teaching was helpful for enhancing my awareness of the problem and strengthening my persuasion that the integrative approach incorporating principle of both of the theories is the most effective one. The primary goal of every foreign language teacher is to prepare the learners for real life communication. The form-focused approach deprive s students of opportunities to develop the necessary skills for meeting this demand. Nunan (1998) noted that â€Å"We need to supplement form-focused exercises with an approach that dramatizes for learners the fact that different forms enable them to express different meanings; that grammar allows them to make meanings of increasingly sophisticated kinds† (p. 103). In other words, there is nothing wrong with the form-focused assignments though they should be coupled with communicative exercises for the purpose of filling the gap between theory (cramming the forms) and practice (expressing one’s opinion during the interpersonal communication). From my own experience of a language learner, it should be noted that the transition between the form-focused and organic exercises might be rather stressful. Being certain what form should be use in every particular case in form-focused exercises, a student might be confused trying to express one’s own ideas. This separati on of grammar forms from the context of communication creates the feeling of discrepancy between the grammar norms and the communicative goals in the learner’s consciousness. The process of language acquisition depends upon the peculiarities of the learners’ perception of the course materials. It has been proven that learners remember not only things but also the context within which they were acquired. Thus, having learnt the table of forms by heart I must recollect the chart in which they have been represented for choosing the appropriate one, while choosing the words for expressing my thoughts at the same time might overcomplicate the process of communication exchange. For this reason, a teacher should allot time to diverse activities planning language lessons. Nassaji (2000) noted that â€Å"the most effective way †¦ is to consider activities that result in attention to form while maintaining meaningful communication and using form for communication† (p . 244). Going from one extreme to another would be unwise; both sides of the language acquisition process are equally significant.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Those who consider the information exchange to be the end goal of second language learning are in the wrong underestimating the importance of accuracy of the student’s speech. The fact is that neglecting the form-focused approach may result in neglecting the grammar forms and distorting the interlocutor’s perception of one’s message. An ideal language lesson should contain the elements of both approaches. It would enhance the learner’s understanding of the materials and create a colorful picture instead of focusing on separated fragments of the language components. The primary goal of a contemporary teacher is to incorporate the elements of both form-focused and communicative approaches into the process of language acquisition giving preference to meaningful interaction within the teaching-learning process paying attention to the language accuracy at the same time. Reference List Nassaji, H. (2000) Towards integrating form-focused instruction and communicative interaction in the second language classroom: Some pedagogical possibilities, The Modern Language Journal, 84 (2), pp.241-250. Nunan, D. (1998) Teaching grammar in context. ELT Journal, 52 (2), pp.101-109.

Mark Twains Two Ways of Seeing a River Reading Quiz

Mark Twains Two Ways of Seeing a River Reading Quiz Two Ways of Seeing a River is an excerpt from the end of Chapter Nine of Mark Twains autobiographical work Life on the Mississippi, published in 1883. The memoir recounts his early days as a steamboat pilot on the Mississippi and then a trip down the river much later in life from St. Louis to New Orleans. Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) is regarded as a masterpiece and was the first piece of American literature to tell the story in colloquial, everyday language. After reading the essay, take this short quiz, and then compare your responses with the answers at the bottom of the page. In the opening sentence of Two Ways of Seeing a River, Twain introduces a metaphor, comparing the Mississippi River to:(A) a snake(B) a language(C) something wet(D) a beautiful woman with a deadly disease(E) the devils highwayIn the first paragraph, Twain uses the technique of repeating key words to emphasize his main point. What is this repeated line?(A) The majestic river!(B) I had made a valuable acquisition.(C) I still keep in mind a wonderful sunset.(D) I had lost something.(E) All the grace, the beauty, the poetry.The detailed description that Twain provides in the first paragraph is recalled from whose point of view?(A) an experienced steamboat captain(B) a small child(C) a beautiful woman with a deadly disease(D) Huckleberry Finn(E) Mark Twain himself, when he was an inexperienced steamboat pilotIn the first paragraph, Twain describes the river as having a ruddy flush. Define the adjective ruddy.(A) crude, rough, unfinished condition(B) having a sturdy build or strong constit ution(C) inspiring pity or compassion(D) reddish, rosy(E) neat and orderly How are Twains comments on the sunset scene in the second paragraph different from his descriptions of it in the first paragraph?(A) The experienced pilot is now able to read the river rather than marvel at its beauty.(B) The older man has grown bored with life on the river and simply wants to return home.(C) The river looks strikingly different at sunset from the way it appears at dawn.(D) The river is suffering as a result of pollution and physical decay.(E) The older and wiser man perceives the true beauty of the river in ways that the younger man would probably make fun of.In paragraph two, Twain uses which figure of speech in the line concerning the rivers face?(A) mixed metaphor(B) oxymoron(C) personification(D) epiphora(E) euphemismIn the final paragraph, Twain raises questions in regard to the way that a doctor might examine the face of a beautiful woman. This passage is an example of what technique?(A) wandering away from the subject(B) drawing an analogy(C) making a transit ion to an entirely new topic(D) deliberate word-for-word repetition to achieve emphasis(E) anti-climax ANSWERS:1. B; 2. D; 3. E; 4. D; 5. A; 6. C; 7. B.

Taxation and Housing Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Taxation and Housing Issues - Essay Example Hence, in order to understand the economic feasibility of a particular country, a close analysis of the prevailing issues on taxation and housing is necessary. This paper will critically analyze various issues pertaining to taxation and housing in the United Kingdom, United States, and United Arab Emirates. Issues relating to taxation and housing in the UK The economic spectrum of the United Kingdom indicates that taxation issues have impeded the faster growth of the country. UK holding companies have been heavily suffering from tax issues in the recent years. Corporation tax deductions are available to a UK holding company on the interest payment to investors subject to anti-avoidance policies. More details on these features can be found at . The anti-avoidance provisions including transfer pricing are increasingly complex in nature and therefore the country’s holding companies are not benefited from tax reductions. In addition, a UK holding company does not get any tax deduc tion benefit while paying dividends to investors. Similarly, the tax deductions allowed to the UK’s small scale enterprises for boosting entrepreneurship actually result in a deadweight cost. This situation adversely affects the overall growth of the economy. Over the past few years, the UK government has faced a series of issues associated with the country’s corporate tax structure. In order to resolve the limitations of its corporate tax structure, the country is changing its policy from taxing worldwide profits to a more territorial taxation approach. Irish tax issues on UK transactions remain to be a major growth impediment to the UK’s business sector. Tax evasion has been a potential issue in the UK over the last few decades, and recently the country adopted tax fraud prevention measures. When an outsider deals with purchase of real property in the UK, he has to consider a number of factors including capital gains tax, stamp duty, inheritance tax, and incom e tax. The UK housing market has been struggling with numerous issues especially since the global financial crisis 2008. As a result, even small flats are becoming unaffordable to lower class of the society. Housing sector data show that affordability of housing in the UK has been getting worse since late 1990s as house prices grew faster than earnings rate. Although most of the developed countries including the United States experienced housing price increases in the beginning of the 21st century, this issue was different in the United Kingdom in two aspects. Firstly, the country’s house prices boom began earlier as compared to other developed economies, and indicated relatively sustained increases. Secondly, the regional pattern of the country was almost uniform. As per statistical data, house prices in the United Kingdom increased by 90% between 2002 and 2007. The average age of first time home buyers is also increasing in the country. Although mortgages were increasingly available to people, mounting housing prices remains to be an issue in the country. As reported by Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (2004), an additional 39,000 houses per annum were essential to meet housing requirements of the country effectively. The primary issue behind the housing market struggle in the UK is that the country does not have enough space to build new houses. In contrast, many people possess more

Elisa aims and method need to be paraphrase Essay

Elisa aims and method need to be paraphrase - Essay Example This difference is made clear through the drawing of a standard curve, by making use of concentrations that are known; belonging to antibodies of Rabbit IgG. e. Incubation was done on different amounts of rabbit IgG. Micotiter plates were then cleaned by use of washing buffer, three times; and washed again after blocking them with blocking buffer. They then were refrigerated, ready for use in the practical. 1- For the monoclonal antibodies, the left half of the plate got used.As in the illustration below in a picture with blue colour; in the first column, 200ul of monoclonal mouse anti-rabbit IgG was added. 100ul of diluents buffer PBS was then filled to columns 2 and 6, for the monoclonal antibodies as in the below illustration. 2- Then, 100ul of mouse anti-rabbit got transferred from A1 to A6 inorder to have the sample diluted and from well A6 100ul of mouse anti rabbit IgG antibody thrown away. A repeat of the process was done on the rest of the

Budget Reforms in Ghana

Budget Reforms in Ghana   Introduction/ Background: According to the research I have done I have found that Ghanas government needs help improving their budget. This projects development objective, for the Public Financial Management Reform, is to improve the budget management, financial control and reporting of Ghanas government. In these projects the organizations contribute to enhancing fiscal discipline, service delivery efficiency, through strengthened systems and procedures. The components for this project show financial management and budget strategies to help Ghana. In reviews dated back to the 1990s of the Public Financial Management in Ghana have shown that they have several weaknesses in this process. They have a weak budget formulation and a weak budget preparation. They also have a weak expenditure monitoring and controlling the budget. Ghanas lacking a good accounting and good monitoring system. These problems would catch the eye of any public administration major. This reform is being done to better the government of Ghana. If this was to go successfully it would influence the public greatly. In the field of public administration, you would want to help the public anywhere become better than it already is. With this title, you will know how to help better their budget and help with some small accounting work. Supporting the Budget Reform in Ghana: The new Public Financial Management system put in place for Ghana will use tools for improving fiscal management and budgetary control. They will increase economic management by making technology upgrades that will help improve debt and cash management, and boost timely and accurate reporting. They will also improve budget managements strength. This new system will also aim to strengthen the credibility of the national budget. A strategy to aid Ghanas debt was developed by this new system. During the 2000s a legislative review was done on the Public Financial Management system and there were many components. Ghana had Financial and Accounting Reforms, Revenue Management, Audit Reform and Procurement Reforms. This system helped launch other systems such as the Budget and Public Expenditure Management System, it also influenced fiscal decentralization and payroll reform initiatives. They improved the payroll management system. The system also help build ministries, departments and agencies capacity to develop costed sector strategies. They want to strengthen linkage and information between sectors. To help the debt they want to strengthen capacity in the Debt Management Division. To help improve efficiency in the delivery of public services, they have introduced performance measurement into the budget management. This will help Ghana keep track of every credit spent. Ghanas government would as review capital spending and the strategy for financing capital projects. Ghana plans to bring in measures to strengthen local revenue under its fiscal decentralization reforms. Negatives of Budget Reform: Even with the new system there are still problems that can be created or come across. Ghanas government still have a high level of debt the need to lower, large fiscal deficits, and lack of fiscal space for public investments. These are major constraints to Ghanas economic growth, said Yusupha B. Crookes, World Bank Country Director for Ghana. The reforms supported by todays project focus on critical and priority areas of the Government that together could facilitate transparent and accountable fiscal governance in Ghana. Lack of robust accounting, monitoring quality and timely data on government resources. The Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability made an assessment in 2012 and fiscal discipline was weak and remained a concern. The distribution of resources for strategic priorities undermined causing efficiency in service delivery to be adversely affected. Ghana has invested in programs aimed at strengthening Public Financial Management in government, but significant institutional, policy, and system weaknesses continue to manifest themselves limiting the impact of these reforms, said Ismaila B. Ceesay, World Bank Task Team Leader for this Project. He believes that too many poor people live in Ghana to improve the delivery of basic services. There are even some legislative limitations that come with this new system. Making business change their process for the Public Financial Management system required revision of laws to support this process. Skill gaps and capacity were created in Human Resources sector, especially in the area of information and communications technology, and analytical skills. Critique of Both Arguments After going through both sides, I could tell both sides relied on some of the same things. Both sides have different view on Ghanas debt. Supporter of the new reform want to put programs in place to help lower the national debt overtime. On the bad side, they think that the debt is too high and the people basically think its a waste of time and money to create programs for lowering it. I agree with the people in support of these new ideas to lowering the debt and bring in more income into Ghana. How could a nation create a better budget with an outstanding debt? Me personally, I do not think that you can. I am in complete support of the new reform and the ideas that come with it. I can also see how the non-supporters are feeling. After being in place for a couple years, there was not a lot of changes. People were also using funds for the wrong purposes. Finding out this kind of information could make many people no trust in the new ideas. With the influx of new ideas for the reform, there are bound to be new problems to come along with it. I think Ghanas nation need better people to lead them in the right path. They need people who will watch and manage them while going through this process. I think that if they had more management they could make actual changes. These two arguments are very complementary to each other, without one the other would not exist. In my eyes the argument supporting the new budget and new reforms is the superior of the two. I think this because Ghana is known for being poor, and need something to help bring in income. Bring in more income will affect the public greatly. This could bring the number of poor people in Ghana to go down. This may also cause funding for projects to go to the right place. Conclusion: Ghana has a very poor budget and an outstanding debt to go along with it. Along with this their governmental structure is also poor and needs management in these areas. If Ghana gets the support they need in these areas, they could start to make real changes. Without management Ghanas government, will not make any large improvements and the reform will fail. This research has shown me that nations all around the world have a split in them. There will always be people on two opposite with different views. Public administrators will be greatly prepared for this situation. They would be great regulators and managers. Already being involved with work from both United States parties they will know how to look at each and try to work out a solution that works best for the people. References: Ugwumadu, Judith. Ghana Budget Ushers In Programme-Based PFM Reforms | Public Finance. Publicfinanceinternational.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 9 Mar. 2017. washington,. Public Finance Management Reform In Ghana Receives World Bank Support. The world Bank. N.p., 2017. Web. 4 Mar. 2017. Ibrahim, Levent. The Little Data Book On External Debt 2012. 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2012. Print. Projects : Ghana: Public Financial Management Reform Project | The World Bank. Projects.worldbank.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 9 Mar. 2017.

The Case of the Omniscient Organization

Case Analysis: The Case of the Omniscient Organization Introduction In this case study, Dominion-Swann (DS) has implemented a â€Å"radical restructuring of the work environment† in order to regain control of its employees. By 1990, DS had been suffering from a number of business woes. It was not keeping pace with its competition, employee turnover had increased substantially, health costs and work-related accidents were rising, and employee theft was at an all-time high. Instead of identifying and addressing the underlying business and management problems, DS decided to treat the symptoms by turning to SciexPlan Inc. o help radically restructure the work environment through the use of employee monitoring technology. Background DS has justified its work environment restructuring based on past failures rather than future goals for success. The company has created a system to compile a comprehensive database of information on every employee. DS also monitors its employees in all aspects of their job, subjecting them to constant evaluation and productivity tests. The massive amount of information collected on each employee is supposed to allow DS to objectively manage personnel and make job assignments that provide the greatest efficiency. Instead, DS has created an impersonal monitoring, surveillance, and detection system designed to lay traps for employees and shape their behavior without any managerial effort. Problem Statement Has DS become so consumed with its â€Å"radical restructuring of the work environment† that it has prioritized technology and control over the welfare, creativity, and productivity of its people? Analysis and Issues Digital technology has made an undeniably profound impact, both positive and negative, on the workplace. When implemented properly, the benefits of this impact can include increased productivity, improved safety, better working onditions, and enhanced communications between employees, management, and customers. However, an exceedingly obsessive employee monitoring system will create tedious and stressful working conditions, loss of employee privacy, and fear which will result in reduced levels of creativity and productivity. By implementing an overly zealous system for emp loyee monitoring, DS is significantly aggravating the tension that exists between surveillance technology and employee privacy concerns. DS wants to monitor employees in order to reward effort, knowledge, productivity, and success while eliminating idleness, ignorance, theft, and failure. Instead, it is treating its workers like pieces of equipment rather than unique and valuable individuals. DS has basically transformed the workplace into an all-encompassing electronic prison where nearly every aspect of an employee's behavior is monitored. The DS managers who monitor every move that employees make are accomplishing efficiency objectives at a sizeable cost. Monitoring and surveillance can create a high stress environment for employees that can lead to physiological and psychological stress-related illnesses. Covert surveillance at DS will do nothing but increase fears, anxieties, and distrust among employees. The impersonal aspect of technological surveillance diminishes employees’ concepts of their value, contribution, and self-worth. The all-encompassing surveillance implemented by DS will destroy any hope for employees to make decisions and act autonomously. Autonomy is a critical component to on-the-job independence that maximizes worker morale. Although DS has justification for some amount of employee monitoring in order to successfully evaluate employee performance, it has taken employee surveillance to the point where it will adversely affect productivity. When employees do not feel that they are trusted, their desire to perform well is lessened. The employee screening process DS has implemented brings up additional privacy concerns. Any investigation of employee activities and history outside of the workplace is an extremely sensitive and potentially litigious issue. DS is only justified in intruding into its employees’ personal lives when it involves misconduct or illegal activity. Off-duty conduct may be relevant to employment if the misconduct negatively impacts the employee's work performance or the company's mission. However, the systematic monitoring employed by DS raises serious privacy concerns. Monitoring all employees’ activities, rather than just the activities of employees under suspicion of specific misconduct, constitutes a blanket search that brings enormous privacy concerns. Recommendations DS would be better off with no employee monitoring rather than scrutinizing its employees' every move. Once the employee monitoring creates a morale problem, all of the value it has created will be diminished. If DS is to continue with employee monitoring systems, it must create and clearly communicate a monitoring policy for employees. DS needs to start with human-oriented policies, then use technology to enforce them. As it stands right now, DS is exerting too much power in its invasion of employee privacy in the workplace. DS is exploiting the lack of regulation in this area in order to implement extremely invasive methods of employee surveillance. Until employees are protected by regulation to protect their rights to privacy in the workplace, DS should assume responsibility to self regulate by limiting the amount of surveillance, implementing it only when it achieves specific goals for success. Monitoring should be conducted only for business purposes, and this must be communicated to the employees. In order to throttle back its employee monitoring system to a reasonable level, DS should review and apply the suggested rights given by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). To establish a reasonable approach and prevent abuses, DS should adopt a human-oriented policy that includes the following features:   * notice to employees of the company's electronic monitoring practices;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * use of a signal to let an employee know when he or she is being monitored;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * employee access to all personal electronic data collected through monitoring;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * no monitoring of areas designed for the health or comfort of employees;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * the right to dispute and delete inaccurate data; a ban on the collection of data unrelated to work performance; * restrictions on the disclosure of personal data to others without the employee's consent (American Civil Liberties Union, 1997). DS should also consider whether or not monitoring is truly necessary for performance evaluations. DS does not need to watch an employee’s every move to be able to judge the quality of his or her work. Performance monitoring should be far less of a concern than an employee’s ability to complete tasks and consistently meet deadlines. DS should involve its employees on the decisions regarding when, how and why electronic monitoring needs to takes place. Most importantly of all, DS must allow employees to inspect, challenge, and, when necessary, correct the data gathered about them or their performance. Conclusion/Summary DS must strike a balance between its business interests and its employees’ privacy interests. This balance should allow for surveillance under certain limited conditions, and utilize less intrusive approaches. Although it is unlikely that DS would completely discontinue its monitoring practice, at a minimum DS should continue to fully inform its employees about all surveillance tools being used in their workplace and provided them with clear information as to what management does with the data. References Pedeliski, Theodore B. (1997). Privacy and the workplace: Technology and public employment. Public Personnel Management. December 22, 1997. Shoppes, Mia. (2003). Employee monitoring: Is big brother a bad idea. Information Security Magazine. Dec. 9, 2003. American Civil Liberties Union. (1997). Privacy in America: Electronic monitoring. Retrieved from http://www. aclu. org/technology-and-liberty/privacy-america-electronic-monitoring